Confidence recharged.

A premium food supplement
formula developed with a scientific approach, featuring 27 carefully
selected ingredients.

A new world.
New male roles.
Under the pressure of old and new
expectations.

Today, a man can be a partner, a father, a professional, a pillar of support and a lover all at once. While women’s roles have expanded and relationships are increasingly built on genuine partnership, the traditional and new performance expectations placed on men have not disappeared. Sexual performance is a particularly sensitive part of this picture. According to research, in addition to physical factors, psychological state, performance anxiety, self-esteem and relationship dynamics may also be linked to male sexual function. Erotic function is therefore no longer a “separate men’s topic”. It is a natural part of the modern man’s balance and well-being.

Male sexual health is much more complex than
we might first think.

Intimate performance requires the coordinated functioning of the vascular system, the nervous system, hormonal regulation and psychological processes. That is precisely why sexual difficulties do not necessarily have a single underlying cause. Age, circulatory and metabolic status, body weight, physical activity, smoking, certain medicines and hormonal imbalances may all play a role, just as stress, anxiety, self-confidence or relationship dynamics can. The modern approach therefore examines questions of male intimacy not as isolated phenomena, but as a complex part of a man’s physical and mental state.

Active ingredient synergism designed through a medical lens

27 INGREDIENTS

IN 5 FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS

VITAMINS

A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7 (biotin),
B9 (folic acid), B12, C, D3, E

MINERALS

Zinc, Selenium

AMINO ACIDS and
THEIR DERIVATIVES

L-arginine, L-citrulline malate, NAC,
L-glutathione, Acetyl-L-carnitine

PLANT EXTRACTS

Maca, Panax ginseng,
Fenugreek, Pine bark,
Saffron stigma

SPECIAL
COMPONENTS

Shilajit, Taurine, Coenzyme Q10

27 INGREDIENTS

IN 5 FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS

The complex balance of male intimate function

The EDNYX™ concept is also built on this complex approach.
In developing the premium formula combining 27 carefully selected ingredients, we took as our basis the scientific background of the physiological processes related to male intimate health, taking several interrelated areas into account together.

Ladies!

Intimacy does not begin in a single moment. A man’s physical and mental balance, circulation, hormonal status, lifestyle and everyday strain may all be part of how he functions in intimate situations. If shared harmony matters to you, it is worth paying conscious attention to male intimate health too.

A product suitable for continuous, long-term and safe use

The EDNYX™ concept is based on regular, continuous use.
At the recommended daily dose, the formula can be built into the everyday routine, so it is linked not to a single intimate moment, but to a longer-term approach to male intimate health.

Learn more about EDNYX™ dosage

Recharging the
confidence that matters most in intimate moments.

The complex formula of EDNYX™, combining 27 selected ingredients, was created for men who are not just looking for an answer for a single occasion, but wish to pay more lasting attention to their own intimate function and to experience intimate moments with greater confidence.

EDNYX™ was created for men who are looking for a long-term rather than an occasional solution to support their intimate moments.

Ingredients

below you can read detailed information about the ingredients of EDNYX™

Below you can read detailed information
about the ingredients
of EDNYX™:

L-arginine,
L-citrulline

Recognition of the role of nitric oxide

Nitric oxide was the “molecule of the year” in 1992, and its discoverers and those who described its physiological role received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1998. L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid, which the body can produce only under certain circumstances. As a starting material for nitric oxide synthesis, L-arginine carries numerous beneficial properties. Increasing its level in the body stimulates the production of nitric oxide, a vasodilator (vessel-dilating) substance.¹ This physiological link is the reason why L-arginine has long been the focus of research into male vitality and performance. In modern formulas, L-arginine often appears as an ingredient that fits, in a physiologically well-founded way, into the concept of supporting blood circulation, physical performance and male vitality.

Some clinical studies suggest that the use of L-arginine may show favourable changes in endpoints related to erectile function,² particularly in cases where endothelium-derived NO production is reduced.^2,3,4 These results are not consistent across all populations, but they provide good support for the biological background on which the development of L-arginine-based formulas is built. A frequently reported finding in the studies is that L-arginine is well tolerated and fits in with longer-term, lifestyle- and vitality-centred approaches.

Overall, L-arginine is a classic, well-known and scientifically well-founded ingredient, positioned at the meeting point of modern nutritional science and the demand for male vitality.

L-citrulline: “an alternative in the nitric oxide cycle”

L-citrulline is also a non-essential amino acid and a central player in the L-arginine–nitric oxide (NO) cycle. According to pharmacokinetic studies, the oral bioavailability of L-citrulline is more favourable than that of L-arginine. Passing through the portal circulation, it is metabolised to a lesser extent in the liver and may therefore result in a more sustained increase in plasma arginine levels. This property often makes L-citrulline a subject of study in research on nitric oxide-mediated physiological processes. Several human experiments and observations have studied the use of L-citrulline in modelling changes in arginine and NO metabolism. In human studies, L-citrulline has shown good tolerability, even at higher doses.

Cited medical university textbooks and clinical studies:

Semmelweis University, Az orvosi élettan tankönyve [Textbook of Medical Physiology], Attila Fonyó, 2011.
Chen J. et al., 1999, Oral L-arginine and erectile dysfunction, J. Chen, J. Wollman, D. Chernichovsky, A. Iaina, A. Sofer, International Journal of Impotence Research
Stanislavov R., Nikolova V., 2003, Treatment of erectile dysfunction with pycnogenol and L-arginine, R. Stanislavov, V. Nikolova, Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy
Cormio L. et al., 2011, Combination of L-arginine and tadalafil in erectile dysfunction, Urologia Internationalis

Shilajit

Shilajit: “the sweat of the mountains”

Shilajit is a unique, resinous substance rich in minerals and organic compounds, found primarily in the high-altitude rocky areas of the Himalayas, but also occurring in other high mountain ranges. It forms over a long period of time as a result of the decomposition of plant matter and microorganisms, and in the summer heat it seeps out of the rocks as a dark brown or black layer with a resinous consistency.

Shilajit is one of the best-known and most highly prized substances of Ayurvedic medicine, used for millennia to enhance vitality and slow down the ageing process. According to tradition, it is also called the “sweat of the mountains” or the “nectar of the gods”, and it is credited with tonic, strengthening effects.

The shilajit in EDNYX™ tablets is exceptionally rich: it contains more than 80 types of minerals in ionic form, as well as humic acids and fulvic acid, which, according to the literature, can be linked to nutrient absorption and cellular metabolism. Thanks to its humic and fulvic acid content, it also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which may contribute to protecting endothelial function, supporting nitric oxide signalling and improving microvascular circulation. In light of all this, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) currently lists the following health claim as “on hold”: “Shilajit supports male and female sexual functions.”¹

¹ EFSA ONHOLD 2427

Panax ginseng

Ginseng: “energy and vitality
on a scientific basis.”

Panax ginseng, commonly known as Asian or Korean ginseng, is one of the most intensively studied plant-derived active ingredients and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Modern phytochemical and pharmacological research focuses on the main bioactive components of the root, the ginsenosides, which are able to influence the functioning of various physiological systems in a complex way.

One of the central elements of ginseng’s proposed mechanism of action is vascular regulation. Based on available experimental and clinical data, ginsenosides may contribute to modulating endothelial function, among other things by enhancing nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. NO is a key mediator in the relaxation of the smooth muscle of vessel walls and thus plays a role in physiological vasodilation and in maintaining adequate tissue perfusion. This mechanism is particularly relevant in processes where the fine regulation of circulation is decisive. Accordingly, the relationship between ginseng and erectile function has been analysed in several clinical studies. In some randomised, placebo-controlled studies, improvements were observed in the scores of questionnaires measuring erectile function, particularly in mild to moderate cases. The effect is probably underpinned by activation of the endothelium–NO axis and by processes promoting relaxation of the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum.

The effects of ginseng are not limited to the vascular system. A role for nervous system and neuroendocrine modulation has also been suggested, including the regulation of the stress response and an influence on certain neurotransmitter systems. These effects may contribute to changes in general vitality, energy levels and adaptive capacity, which may also indirectly affect physical performance.

HHam WS, Kim WT, Lee JS, et al. Efficacy and safety of red ginseng extract powder in patients with erectile dysfunction. Korean Journal of Urology. 2009;50(2):159–164.
de Andrade E, de Mesquita AA, Claro Jde A, et al. Study of the efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2007;9(2):241–244.
Lee HW, et al.Ginseng for erectile dysfunction. Cochrane Database / World Journal of Men’s Health. 2021–2022

Maca root

Maca root extract: “tradition, research, nature”

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) – a root of Andean origin in research on adaptation and vitality. Maca is a high-altitude plant of the Peruvian Andes, traditionally used as a food and as a tonic. The root contains more than a hundred bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, glucosinolates, macaenes and macamides, which exert physiological effects at the level of endogenous energy metabolism and neuroendocrine regulation. The literature has revealed possible links between NO-mediated physiological processes and certain components of maca. In traditional Andean medicine, the plant was used for purposes related to supporting male vitality and performance, and there is growing interest in its constituents in human physiological studies as well. In light of all this, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) currently lists the following health claim as “on hold”: “Increases sexual desire, acts as a natural aphrodisiac.” ^{EFSA ONHOLD 2838}

Saffron stigma extract

Standardised saffron stigma extract. “The essence of more than a hundred thousand flowers in a single extract.”

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is one of the oldest known and most valuable medicinal plants. It was already used in ancient Persian, Greek and Arab traditions, among other things for mood-related and vitalising purposes. Its special feature is that the plant part used, the stigma of the flower, can be obtained only in extremely small quantities: producing one kilogram of dried saffron may require the manual processing of more than 150,000 flowers. This labour intensity has contributed to its special value for centuries.

The characteristic phytochemical constituents of saffron include crocins, safranal and picrocrocin. These compounds have been studied in relation to neurobiological, antioxidant and vascular processes. Saffron is therefore once again the subject of significant research interest today, including in the areas of mood, sexual function and male reproductive physiology. Standardised saffron extracts are made from the stigmas of Crocus sativus L. and, unlike traditional saffron powders, contain defined amounts of the plant’s characteristic bioactive components. Standardisation combines the natural raw material with modern quality assurance, enabling a more reproducible composition in modern formulas.

In human clinical studies, favourable changes have been observed with the use of saffron stigma in certain parameters of male sexual function and, in some studies, in certain sperm parameters – particularly motility.^1–5 The results are promising; however, the studies differ in number, size and methodology, so they should not be interpreted as general or guaranteed effects.

The standardised saffron extract in EDNYX™ is thus a traditionally highly valued plant ingredient that is also being studied in modern clinical research, and which fits well into a formula that takes a comprehensive approach to male vitality and general well-being.

Shamsa A, Hosseinzadeh H, Molaei M, Shakeri MT, Rajabi O. Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on male erectile dysfunction: a pilot study. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(8):690–693.
Modabbernia A et al. Effect of saffron on fluoxetine-induced sexual impairment in men: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. 2012.
Possible effects of Saffron (Crocus sativus) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 2022.
Heidary M et al. Effect of saffron on semen parameters of infertile men. Urology Journal. 2008/2009.
Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. A prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the effect of saffron on semen parameters and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Phytotherapy Research. 2011;25(4):508–516.

Pine bark extract

Pine bark extract: “A polyphenol-rich plant extract in a modern formula.”

Pine bark extract is a plant ingredient derived primarily from the bark of the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), rich in polyphenols – especially proanthocyanidins. Through their redox-active properties, these compounds are linked to the oxidative balance of cells.

Standardised pine bark extracts have been studied in both human and preclinical studies, with particular regard to endothelial function, nitric oxide (NO)-related vascular signalling and microcirculation. The endothelium is the inner cell layer of the vessel walls, which plays a key role in regulating vascular tone and blood flow. In some studies, pine bark polyphenols have been linked to endothelium-dependent vasodilation and to changes in NO bioavailability and microcirculatory parameters.

The pine bark extract in EDNYX™ is thus a polyphenol-rich plant component whose constituents are the subject of research into oxidative balance and the physiological processes of vascular regulation.

Fitzpatrick DF, Bing B, Rohdewald P. Endothelium-dependent vascular effects of Pycnogenol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1998;32(4):509–515.
Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, Zhou S, Würthwein G, Rohdewald P. Pycnogenol improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients. Life Sci. 2004;74(7):855–862.
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, et al. Improvement of microcirculation with Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency. Angiology. 2006;57(5):569–576.
Steigerwalt RD, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, et al. Pycnogenol improves microcirculation, retinal edema, and visual acuity in early diabetic retinopathy. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2009;25(6):537–540.

Fenugreek

A conscious choice for male vitality.

Fenugreek seed extract is a long-used plant-derived ingredient that has also attracted growing scientific interest in recent decades. The seeds have a complex phytochemical profile: they contain saponins (particularly diosgenin derivatives), soluble fibres (galactomannans), alkaloids and polyphenols.

One of the main lines of research concerns the effect on metabolic processes: according to some studies, the soluble fibre content of fenugreek may influence carbohydrate absorption, while other studies have examined parameters related to lipid metabolism.

Scientific interest in hormonal effects is primarily linked to the steroid-like saponins it contains, which are structurally partly similar to the precursors of steroid hormones. In studies related to physical performance, these hormonal and metabolic effects are interlinked: some randomised human studies have shown changes in certain body composition and strength parameters among physically active men, which is often associated with subtle modifications of hormonal regulation and changes in insulin sensitivity. Fenugreek extract has also been studied in several human studies in relation to general well-being and hormonal indicators. It is important to emphasise that these are a limited number of observational studies, whose results should not be interpreted as general or guaranteed effects.

Steels E, Rao A, Vitetta L. Physiological aspects of male libido enhanced by standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum extract. Phytotherapy Research. 2011;25(9):1294–1300.
Wilborn CD, Taylor LW, Greenwood M, et al. Effects of a purported aromatase and 5alpha-reductase inhibitor on hormone profiles in college-age men. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2010;20(6):457–465.
Rao A, Steels E, Inder WJ, Abraham S, Vitetta L. A specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease in healthy middle-aged and older men. Aging Male. 2016;19(2):134–142.
Wankhede S, Mohan V, Thakurdesai P. Beneficial effects of fenugreek glycoside supplementation in male subjects during resistance training: a randomized controlled pilot study. Phytotherapy Research. 2016.

Coenzyme Q10
Energy at the cellular level,
vitality you can feel.

Based on the totality of available results from several smaller randomised, placebo-controlled trials and a few meta-analyses, coenzyme Q10 supplementation may show favourable changes in certain sperm parameters, particularly in motility and, according to some studies, in concentration as well.^1,2,3,4,5,6

Coenzyme Q10 is a fundamental endogenous regulator of mitochondrial energy conversion, redox balance and the physical and chemical stability of membranes, without which efficient cellular energy production and resistance to oxidative stress could not be sustained.¹ The body synthesises CoQ10 endogenously, but the rate of synthesis may decrease with age and under oxidative or metabolic load. It occurs in the highest concentrations in tissues with high energy demands, such as the heart, liver, kidneys and testes. In the testes, it is relevant because of the high-energy mitochondrial activity and the additional energy demands of cellular functions. Based on the totality of available results from several smaller randomised, placebo-controlled trials and a few meta-analyses, coenzyme Q10 supplementation may show favourable changes in certain sperm parameters, particularly in motility and, according to some studies, in concentration as well.^1,2,3,4,5,6

Gyires Klára – Fürst Zsuzsanna: A farmakológia alapjai [Fundamentals of Pharmacology], 2011: 232-246.258-287., Semmelweis University
Coenzyme Q10 treatment in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial — G. Balercia, E. Buldreghini, A. Vignini, L. Tiano, F. Paggi, S. Amoroso, G. Ricciardo-Lamonica, M. Boscaro, A. Lenzi, G.P. Littarru
Coenzyme Q10 improves sperm motility and antioxidant status in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia — Ahmed T. Alahmar
The impact of two doses of coenzyme Q10 on semen parameters and antioxidant status in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia — Ahmed T. Alahmar
Coenzyme Q10 and male infertility: a systematic review — G. Salvio et al.
Coenzyme Q10 treatment in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia … (pooled data) — R. Lafuente et al.

Taurine

Several studies have investigated its effects related to male vitality and reproductive functions. According to experimental and clinical observations, taurine may play a role in regulating vascular function, particularly in maintaining endothelial function and nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation. Since the proper functioning of blood vessels is key to the physiology of male reproductive functions, there is also scientific interest in taurine in this area. In certain cases, the use of taurine has also resulted in favourable changes in parameters related to corpus cavernosum function.

Taurine is a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative that occurs in high concentrations in many tissues and is involved in several physiological processes, such as osmoregulation, maintaining the ion balance of cells and regulating calcium signalling. It also has antioxidant and cytoprotective properties, through which it may contribute to protecting cells against oxidative stress. Several studies have investigated its effects related to male vitality and reproductive functions. According to experimental and clinical observations, taurine may play a role in regulating vascular function, particularly in maintaining endothelial function and nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation. Since the proper functioning of blood vessels is key to the physiology of male reproductive functions, there is also scientific interest in taurine in this area. In certain cases, the use of taurine has also resulted in favourable changes in parameters related to corpus cavernosum function.

Overall, the taurine used in EDNYX™ is a widely studied, biologically active molecule that may play a role in the energy and redox processes of cells and in the regulation of vascular function.

“Taurine Supplementation Improves Erectile Function in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes via Amelioration of Penile Fibrosis and Endothelial Dysfunction” (Ruan Y. et al., The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2016).
“Taurine Enhances the Sexual Response and Mating Ability in Aged Male Rats” (Zhang et al., Amino Acids, 2013)

Zinc:
“an essential trace element for supporting reproductive health”

Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a central role in numerous physiological processes, particularly in hormonal regulation, cell division and immune function. According to scientific data, adequate zinc status contributes to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood ^{EFSA 301}, which is an important factor for male sexual function and overall vitality.

Furthermore, zinc is also essential for reproductive health: it contributes to normal fertility and reproduction. ^{EFSA 297, 300}

In addition, zinc contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress, including in the reproductive system. ^{EFSA 294, 1758}

The zinc used in EDNYX™ tablets thus supports several interrelated physiological processes that are key to cell division, immunity, hormonal balance and reproductive health alike.

Selenium:
“the vital trace
element of
reproduction”

Selenium is an essential trace element that plays a role in the function of several important enzymes and is thus also part of the body’s antioxidant defence system. It contributes to the proper functioning of antioxidant enzymes that protect cells – such as glutathione peroxidases – thereby contributing to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.
^{EFSA 277, 283, 286, 410, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1751}

Selenium also contributes to the maintenance of male reproductive function, in particular by contributing to normal spermatogenesis. ^{EFSA 396} It contributes to the normal function of the immune system and also contributes to normal thyroid function, as it is involved in the conversion of thyroid hormones.
^{EFSA 278, 1750, 279, 282, 286, 410, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293}

The selenium used in EDNYX™ tablets thus supports several interrelated physiological processes that are key to cell protection, immunity, hormonal balance and reproductive health alike.

L-Carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine:

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring ammonium compound that plays a primary role in the finely regulated processes of energy metabolism. The human body partly produces it (in the liver and kidneys) and partly takes it in with food. It is found in the largest amounts in the muscles, the heart, the testes and the epididymides. Acetyl-L-carnitine is the acetylated form of L-carnitine (LC): chemically, a carnitine molecule modified with an acetyl group. This modification may make it more fat-soluble, thereby influencing its tissue distribution, membrane permeability and bioavailability. Its most important physiological role is to regulate the entry of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they are converted via beta-oxidation into ATP, i.e. biological energy. This process can only proceed efficiently in the presence of carnitine: carnitine essentially acts as a “transport vehicle” (shuttle system) that carries fatty acids from the extracellular environment or the cytoplasm across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
According to data from andrology medical university textbooks^1,2, the concentration of carnitine in the male reproductive tract is very high in the epididymides, which are the site of sperm maturation. Here, carnitine is an important component of the microenvironment: it contributes to the energy supply needed during the maturation process, to the maintenance of membrane fluidity and to the development of motility. This is why carnitine deficiency or reduced carnitine turnover can be associated with impaired sperm motility and disturbances of the maturation processes.

Carnitine and clinical studies – what does science say?

Taken together, clinical research investigating acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) alone or in combination with L-carnitine shows that carnitine derivatives may favourably influence several sperm parameters relevant to male fertility, particularly in men with idiopathic oligo-, astheno- or teratozoospermia. According to a 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis, carnitine supplementation — whether LC, ALC or a combination of the two — may result in significant improvements in total and progressive motility, as well as in morphology.
This picture is reinforced by a 2019 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, which found a significant reduction in the sperm DNA fragmentation index, as well as improvements in progressive motility and vitality, in patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia after 3 months of LC+ALC treatment. This suggests that carnitine may act not only through energy production, but may also exert a favourable, functionally relevant effect on the genetic and membrane integrity of sperm. The 2022 network meta-analysis, based on pooled data from 23 randomised clinical trials, confirmed that carnitine-containing antioxidant supplements are among the most effective interventions in terms of motility and morphology, and that combined LC+ALC therapy also showed favourable results in active comparisons. A 2023 review summarises our current knowledge: the use of carnitine derivatives may favourably influence several sperm parameters, markers of oxidative stress and certain hormonal indicators, but the level of evidence does not yet reach the strength required to recommend it as a routine standard therapy for all infertile men. Overall, research therefore suggests that carnitine — especially the LC+ALC combination — is a biologically plausible and clinically promising option for supporting male fertility, but further large, well-designed studies are needed with regard to final clinical outcomes (such as live birth).

In summary: based on the overall picture of extensive clinical studies, acetyl-L-carnitine — often in combination with L-carnitine — shows favourable laboratory changes in several sperm parameters, particularly in motility, progressive motility, vitality and, in part, morphology. According to some studies, the degree of DNA fragmentation may also decrease, which is a favourable sign for the structural integrity of sperm.

Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction.
Nieschlag, E., Behre, H.M., Nieschlag, S. (Eds.) Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction, Springer, 3rd ed., 2010.
Knobil & Neill’s Physiology of Reproduction, Plant, T.M., Zeleznik, A.J. (Eds.). Knobil and Neill’s Physiology of Reproduction, 4th ed., Academic Press, 2015.

GSH,
L-glutathione

Glutathione (GSH) is a naturally occurring tripeptide made up of three amino acids and is the central element of one of the most important endogenous antioxidant systems of cells. The balance between its reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) forms plays a fundamental role in maintaining the redox state of cells. Glutathione is also directly involved in neutralising reactive compounds and, among other things, it is a substrate of the glutathione peroxidase enzymes, which contribute to protecting cells against oxidative damage through the reduction of hydrogen peroxides and lipid hydroperoxides.

The glutathione system is also linked to endothelial redox balance and nitric oxide signalling, which are important for erectile function. In a human study of 111 men with erectile dysfunction, the GSH concentration of red blood cells was significantly lower than in the healthy control group; the difference was particularly pronounced in the presence of diabetes. The authors linked their results to the relationship between oxidative stress, endothelial function and nitric oxide bioavailability.

Overall, the glutathione source of EDNYX™ tablets is a redox-active molecule of central biochemical importance that is naturally present in human cells. Its significance lies primarily in the antioxidant system of cells, protection against lipid peroxidation and maintenance of a reducing environment – processes that are also of physiological importance for the normal cellular function of sperm and for vascular signalling.

Lenzi A, Culasso F, Gandini L, Lombardo F, Dondero F. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial of glutathione therapy in male infertility. Human Reproduction. 1993;8(10):1657–1662.
Ochsendorf FR, Buhl R, Bästlein A, Beschmann H. Glutathione in spermatozoa and seminal plasma of infertile men. Human Reproduction. 1998;13(2):353–359.
Tagliabue M, Pinach S, Di Bisceglie C, et al. Glutathione levels in patients with erectile dysfunction, with or without diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Andrology. 2005;28(3):156–162.

NAC,
N-acetylcysteine

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. Chemically, it is a sulphur-containing molecule that is readily converted into cysteine in the body. For this reason, it plays an important role in the formation of glutathione, one of the central antioxidant molecules of cells. Cysteine is one of the limiting precursors of glutathione synthesis; its intake may therefore increase the amount of cysteine available in cells, which indirectly supports glutathione formation and the redox balance of cells.

The possible role of N-acetylcysteine in relation to male vitality and the physiology of male reproductive functions has been investigated in several experimental models. In a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in men with idiopathic infertility, favourable changes were observed in sperm parameters and in several indicators of the oxidative/antioxidant balance with three months of NAC use. In a larger, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 468 men, NAC use was likewise associated with improvements in several sperm parameters. Further human studies have linked NAC use to changes in sperm motility, concentration, morphology, chromatin status and DNA integrity, as well as in oxidative stress biomarkers. These results are biologically consistent with the fact that sperm cells are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage. Researchers have linked the observed effects to, among other things, the reduction of oxidative stress and the support of the antioxidant defence system of cells.^1,2

Further human studies have linked NAC use to changes in sperm motility, concentration, morphology, chromatin status and DNA integrity, as well as in oxidative stress biomarkers. These results are biologically consistent with the fact that sperm cells are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage. Researchers have linked the observed effects to, among other things, the reduction of oxidative stress and the support of the antioxidant defence system of cells.^1,2

Ciftci H et al. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on semen parameters and oxidative/antioxidant status. Urology. 2009;74(1):73–76.
Safarinejad MR, Safarinejad S. Efficacy of selenium and/or N-acetyl-cysteine for improving semen parameters in infertile men: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. Journal of Urology. 2009;181(2):741–751.
Jannatifar R et al. Effects of N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation on sperm quality, chromatin integrity and level of oxidative stress in infertile men. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2019.

Vitamin D: 1000 international units
in the daily dose

We owe the discovery of vitamin D to the American biochemist Elmer McCollum. His research focused on the effect of diet on health. As a result of his research, the bone-related effects of vitamin D have been known since the 1920s. However, in recent years it has been confirmed that its role in the body is much more complex. Activated vitamin D is actually a steroid hormone, whose receptor can be detected in almost all cell types and has a proven role in regulating the transcription of more than 200 genes. Vitamin D levels decrease with age, and this decrease is inversely related to the activity and intensity of the physiological processes regulated by vitamin D.

Vitamin D occupies a unique place among micronutrients, as it is not only a vitamin but actually a steroid hormone, whose receptor can be detected in almost all cell types and has a proven role in regulating the transcription of more than 200 genes. Scientific studies have intensively investigated its role in several key areas: its role in bone metabolism, as well as in the functioning of the immune system and in connection with male muscle strength and sexual function. Vitamin D contributes to the normal function of the immune system! ^{EFSA 154 159}

In recent years, the relationship between vitamin D and fertility has become one of the intensively researched areas of reproductive medicine. This is because vitamin D is not merely a classic vitamin, but a molecule with hormonal activity whose receptors can be detected in numerous reproductive tissues. In men, the vitamin D receptor is present in various cell types of the testis as well as in the sperm cells themselves, which suggests that the substance may also be directly involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm function.

Among the proposed mechanisms, influencing sperm function plays a prominent role. Vitamin D may affect intracellular calcium flux, which is key to sperm motility and functional activity. In addition, a link has been described between vitamin D status and the hormonal axis, particularly testosterone levels, although its clinical significance has not been clearly established. The anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress-reducing effects of vitamin D may also contribute to optimising the reproductive environment, which could theoretically have a favourable effect on sperm quality. A further association can be observed between vitamin D and metabolic status. Vitamin D deficiency is often associated with risk factors such as insulin resistance, obesity or cardiovascular diseases, all of which may increase the likelihood of developing ED. Vitamin D status can thus be regarded rather as a complex, system-level marker that is linked to sexual function through several physiological axes.

Overall, the activated vitamin D3 used in EDNYX™ tablets is a micronutrient with diverse effects and hormonal activity, whose role in regulating the immune system and maintaining vascular functions is being widely studied.

Blomberg Jensen M, Lawaetz JG, Petersen JH, Juul A, Jørgensen N. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Semen Quality, Reproductive Hormones, and Live Birth Rate: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2020;53:102529.
Amini L, Mohammadbeigi R, Vafa M, Haghani H, Vahedian-Azimi A, Karimi L, et al. Evaluation of the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on quantitative and qualitative parameters of spermograms and hormones in infertile men: a randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2020;53:102529.
Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L, Zare Javid A, Mansoori A, et al. The effects of Vitamin D3 supplementation on Spermogram and endocrine factors in asthenozoospermia infertile men: a randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2021;19(1):102.
Padmapriya D, Archana R, Sharma N, et al. Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation in male reproductive function: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research. 2021;20(2):334–339.

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